Is amniocentesis safe?
Millions of women have had prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis. In 1976, after careful study, the National Institutes of Health reported that it found midtrimester amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis to be safe. However, amniocentesis does pose a slight risk of miscarriage. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the rate of miscarriage is between one in 400 and one in 200 procedures. The procedure also carries an extremely low risk of uterine infection (less than one in 1,000), which can cause miscarriage.
Studies suggest that the risk of miscarriage following first-trimester amniocentesis may be three times higher than the risk after second-trimester amniocentesis. A 1998 Canadian study found the risk of miscarriage was 2.6 percent after early amniocentesis, compared to 0.8 percent after second-trimester amniocentesis. The study also found a striking increase in the risk of a foot deformity called clubfoot after early amniocentesis. The risk of clubfoot was increased ten-fold after early amniocentesis (1.3 percent vs. 0.1 percent or 1 in 1,000 following second-trimester amniocentesis). The incidence of clubfoot following second-trimester amniocentesis does not differ from that seen in all U.S. babies. Based upon this and other studies, doctors are rethinking the role of early amniocentesis, and many believe that if first-trimester prenatal testing is necessary, chorionic villus sampling appears safer than early amniocentesis.
The risk of pregnancy loss following amniocentesis is lower when the physician performing the procedure is highly experienced. Experienced doctors often are located at major medical centers. Health care providers and genetic counselors usually can provide pregnant women with referrals to experienced physicians.
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That said, you'll want to consider the small risk that the procedure will cause you to miscarry. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the risk of miscarriage from amniocentesis is between one in 200 and one in 400, depending on the skill and experience of the doctor performing it. You'd also have a slight risk of uterine infection in the days following the procedure (less than one in 1,000), which can sometimes lead to miscarriage. These are all things you should discuss with your partner, your practitioner, and a genetic counselor
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