Preventing Sinus and Ear Pain and Injury during Flights:
Aerosinusitis, also called barosinusitis, sinus squeeze or sinus barotrauma is a painful inflammation and sometimes bleeding of the membrane of the paranasal sinus cavities, normally the frontal sinus. It is caused by a difference in air pressures inside and outside the cavities. Most cases occur in scuba divers and fliers, and is easily diagnosed when presented to physicians immediately after exposure. -- from Wikipedia
Go to these websites below for the detailed answers. Below is a quick summary of the way to prevent and treat these issues. After 24 hours of pain, see a doctor!!!!
http://www.sinuscarecenter.com/aao/barer_a
ao.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosinusitis
1) Before ascent or descent on the flight:
Make sure your ears and nasal passages are not already swollen or blocked (especially from a cold or diving). If necessary, use a pill decongestant or topical nasal spray decongestant one hour before descent (and perhaps ascent) to unreduced swelling of nasal passages and unblock the ears and sinuses.
2) Before ascent and descent:
Wake up and stay awake during descent! Get the flight attendant to wake you at descent if necessary, so you can consciously start equalizing the air pressure in your ears.
3) During ascent and descent:
Equalize ear pressure and unblock ears by chewing gum, continually swallowing (eat something), yawning. If necessary: On descent only: plug your nose and mouth and lightly blow air into your ears slowly and steadily diver-style on descent to keep your eardrum from sucking inward. On ascent only: plug your nose and mouth and SWALLOW, which will suck air out from your sinuses and compensate the pressure change by preventing your eardrums from pushing out. On ascent the sinus lining expands due to the increasing pressure from the inside out. If ear pressure is not equalized during descent and pressure in the ear build up, the pressure difference causes the mucosal lining of the sinuses to continue to become swollen, thereby further blocking equalization and causing the middle ear to stretch and potentially burst. Open up the Eustachian tubes by yawning and opening your mouth wide, and keep equalizing!!!
4) After landing:
If ear doesn't pop and pain continues, keep up the equalizing exercises. It may take quite a while to equalize the pressure. Eating, drinking, chewing, yawning, and blowing all help. Sneezing may be an indication that your ears are still trying to equalize themselves. If the pain lasts for over 24 hours, see a doctor who specializes in sinus barotrauma.