Hi jujubee23 ~
what would you like to know about facet injections? When are you having them done? What area of the spine will you have them done? Try not to think about this person who was paralyzed to much. Try to think positive. Things can happen like that to anyone. The spine is difficult to work on but do the research, make sure the doctor doing them is very good at it. Is a pain management doctor doing them for you? You mean fluoroscopic guidance when talking about the x-ray machine.
facet joint injections
typically, facet joint injections are performed as a part of a workup for back or neck pain. Since many patients do not have a readily identifiable cause for pain based on imaging studies and clinical evaluation, a stepwise process of different paraspinal injections is often performed. This process may include facet injections; epidural injections; selective nerve root blocks (snrbs); and, in certain patients, discography.
The injection of local anesthetic and steroids into the facet joint is diagnostic and potentially therapeutic. When optimally performed, the injection is made directly into the joint space, though for generations anesthesiologists have been successful in injecting around the joint. Pain relief following a precise intra-articular injection confirms the facet joint as the source of pain. Although some physicians advocate the use of only local anesthetic, most practitioners inject steroids as well, attempting to provide longer pain relief. Long-term relief (6 mo) can be obtained in 30-50% of patients.
Patients referred for facet injections most often have degenerative disease of the facet joints. However, even if the facet joint appears radiologically normal, facet injections still may be of use, as radiologically occult synovitis can cause facet pain, particularly in younger patients. Postlaminectomy syndrome, or nonradicular pain occurring after laminectomy, is also an acceptable reason to perform facet injections.
Patients with lumbar facet pain (so-called facet syndrome) typically present with back, buttock, or hip pain. If the patient has only back pain, this pain may radiate into the buttocks or hips, and the pain is typically worse with extension. A useful test is to ask patients to push the pelvis forward while standing with their hands on their hips because this movement typically reproduces facet-mediated pain. Radiculopathy, leg weakness, and leg numbness are not considered part of the facet syndrome and suggest nerve root compression, although this may be secondarily caused by facet hypertrophy.
Occasionally, synovial cysts (out-pockets of the facet joint synovium) may be symptomatic. Most often, they cause foraminal or spinal stenosis. Typically, on t2-weighted mris, synovial cysts are seen as rounded areas of increased signal intensity with a peripheral rim of decreased signal intensity. These cysts are located adjacent to a facet joint. The injection of steroids into the associated facet joint is effective in resolving synovial cysts in 30-40% of patients, although repeated injections may be necessary.
Cervical facet pain is not characterized as easily as lumbar facet pain, and it can occur with a variety of symptoms, depending on the level and the individual patient. Headaches, neck muscle spasms, and general or focal neck pain can originate from the facet joints. This pain is typically worse when patients extend or turn their neck. In particular, the upper cervical facets can often cause occipital headaches. As in the lumbar spine, radiculopathy or arm weakness and/or numbness should suggest an alternate diagnosis.
Requiring fluoroscopic guidance
certain injections require fluoroscopy or some other form of x-ray guidance
and cannot otherwise be performed. These injections include:
selective nerve root block
transforaminal epidural steroid injection
sacroiliac joint injection
lumbar sympathetic block
celiac ganglion block
spinal facet joint block
intervertebral disc injection
trigeminal block
neurolytic block
radiofrequency neuroablation