It all really depends on how far along you are.
Miscarraiges that happen in the first few weeks usually are like a period with bad cramps. But the farther along you get, the worse the pain can be.
If you are pregnant and you're passing a lot of blood and matter then it can be very serious.
You can have a little pain, all the way to actual birth contractions. It all depends on how far you are...
The hospital can check when you go into the er and they test your hcg levels. If they are very high, they will test again to see any significant drop. If you are lower than usual, they will most likely assume you've had a miscarraige.
Unfortunately, if you're only a little far, they can't do anything to stop it. But if you're farther along (2nd tri, etc) they can try to stop it the best they can.