Vertigo is just a generic description of the symtptoms of dizziness, disorientation, or a feeling of spinning.
It can be caused by many different things, usually dealing with the inner or middle ears. It could be a bacterial infection and antibiotics would usually clear it up. It could be viral, and go away with time.
There is also something known as Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, or BPPV. This is usually characterized by vertigo that comes about when in certain positions or movements are made. There are exercises or adjustments that can be made to cure it usually, such as Eiri described.
I myself know vertigo well. I was dizzy for several months and bed ridden every night for several hours and could not get a diagnosis. I was given steroids, anti-dizziness pills, patches, anti-histamines, antibiotics, anti-virals, etc. I had a dozen doctor visits and more tests. Blood, BPPV, MRI, Tilt-Table, Heart, etc. I saw my doctor who knows how many times, an ENT, and a neurologist. The Ear Nost Throat doctor tested my hearing, made me watch lights, blew wind in my ear (which by the way made me extremely dizzy), and all that jazz, testing for various reasons for dizziness.
Nothing helped and nothing was diagnosed. So I did my own research and found something called Menieres Disease. It's characterized by bouts of vertigo and often accompanied by hearing loss and tinnitus. It's not really a disease though, just a collection of symptoms and is sort of a catch all of the vertigo world. Since I was dizzy every single day, had no diagnosis, and nothing specific seemed to trigger it I decided to follow some things that helped Meniere's sufferers.
There is no cure, so a doctor wouldn't be of help. Also, I was never diagnosed with Meniere's, and one of the tests I had is supposed to show it, so I'm not saying I have it. However, I found a sufferer that was using vitamin supplements to treat her symptoms. I bought them and within a few weeks I was better. I've been taking them for 3 years now and have never fallen into the vertigo I had before. I had a small relapse last summer, likely do to allergies, as Meniere's and vertigo has many triggers. Other than that, the occassional weak dizziness, but nothing that ever bothers me for long.
The vitamins are expensive as they are real high quality and designed well. USANA is the manufacturer.
I tell you this as a last resort as you should go to the doctors and get a proper diagnosis. It could be something temporary or easily fixed (such as infection or BPPV) or not even ear related (heart, blood pressure, blood sugar) so no need to buy expensive vitamins, unless you just want to be healthy period. If you get no help from conventional doctors or if the diagnosis comes out to be Meniere's then I can tell you more.