I used to pass clots. Not usually very large ones, and it was never painful.
I just had a hysterectomy and can tell you that I did not have endo, or adenomyosis.
I did, however, have a polyp - which can cause heavy bleeding and sometimes bleeding between cycles. They don't always cause pain and can be easily removed with a d&c or ablation (unless you want to have kids).
I also had fibroids. Fibroids can cause clots by causing the lining uterus to be folded so that pockets of blood sit for a while and clot before being passed. These are often painless. They can be treated with uterine artery embolization or if they're smaller with laproscopic surgery.
Please check with your doctor at your next gyno appt.
Take care.