I am 49 (definitely unfit & overweight so the opposite of you in that regard) & late last year developed a cough which comes at odd times no rhyme, reason, logic anything but the best description I can give would be like bronchitis but with asthmatic wheezing thrown in (& I have never had asthma) the only things that help (& this varies abit too) are vicks, anaesthaethic cough lozenges, prednisolone (25mg one tablet as needed -this is a steriodal med that is given to asthmatics). My dr has tried everything inc x-rays - just no explanation of what happened to start this off & why it happens when it does.
In your case though I would consider checking out some of the following - you might be best to keep a "diary" of everything: times & amounts etc of food, exercise, attacks, heartburn, stomach pains, throat bubbles, glands, constipation, sleep, drinking (alcohol)etc. This may help you to see if there is any pattern to anything (like say attacks happen after certain types of food = allergy!!) or if there are any other symptoms that you're not really aware of but which would tell the dr something.
Asthma can be caused through stress (as can heartburn, stomach pain etc) so give some thought to this & remember alot of people internalize stress so they think that they're not stressed just sick when in fact they're sick because they're stressed >> so relaxation/ meditation whatever works for you>> destress>>feel better.
Another cause of asthma (& some of the other symptoms)can be environmental, pollution, allergic reactions (new allergies can develop at any age)something where you work/study.
I'd keep the diary & try to look into the possibilities & then see your dr after you have some more information - even change drs if need be.