Cannabis affects almost every system of
the body, particularly the cardiovascular, respiratory and immune systems. It
also has acute and chronic effects on the mental health of some users. Therefore,
chronic abuse is a concern because of its negative effects on general physical
and mental health. Cannabis abusers generally have poorer oral health than
non-users, with an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal diseases.
Cannabis smoke acts as a carcinogen and is associated with dysplastic changes and
pre-malignant lesions within the oral mucosa. Users are also prone to oral
infections, possibly due to the immunosuppressive effects. Dental treatment on
patients intoxicated on cannabis can result in the patient experiencing acute
anxiety, dysphoria and psychotic-like paranoiac thoughts. The use of local
anaesthetic containing epinephrine may seriously prolong tachycardia already
induced by an acute dose of cannabis. Oral health care providers should be aware
of the diverse adverse effects of cannabis on general and oral health and
incorporate questions about patients' patterns of use in the medical history.