here i have written information about
diabetes mellitus .information include
symptoms ,causes,risk factors,tests and
diagnosis this is an important information
for patients and health professionals
.first of all symptoms the symptoms of
diabetes mellitus are seem to be so
harmless that diabetes most often goes
undiagnosed.following are the most common
symptoms of diabetes.
1.excessive fatigue-patient suffering from
diabetes is most often tired as it is
difficult for a person suffering from
diabetes to use glucose as a body fuel.
2.excessive urination {polyuria}-excessive
glucose in blood causes lots of urination
as body tries to get rid of high level of
glucose.
3.weight loss which cant be
explained-people suffering from diabetes
often complain weight loss this because
they use lot of calories and even
overeating could not help them as this is
also one of the symptom of diabetes
4.over eating{polyphagia}-body tries to
compensate high glucose level by secreting
more insulin but in the case of diabetes
melliyus type 2 there is insulin
resistance so increase level of insulin
cause increases hunger as it is one of its
action.
5.excessive thirst{polydipsia}-this is a
compensation mechanism to dilute the blood
as lot of glucose is present in the blood
in the patients of diabetes.
6patient of diabetes is also having
problem of poor wound healing as high
blood sugar levels effect the function of
white blood cells which are having a great
role in bodys defence mechanism.
7.infections are also common due to above
mechanism.
8.high blood sugar levels also causes
blurry vision.
9.agitation and irritability are also one
of the symptoms of diabetes.
causes of diabetes mellitus-diabetes
mellitus type 2 often run in families it
is having a genetic basis.
risk factors
1.hypertension
2.obesity
3.high alcohol intake
4.high fat intake
5.high triglyceride level
6.inactive life style
methods of diagnosis
1.oral glucose tolerance test-for oral
glucose tolerance test person has to fast
for 8 hours.plasma glucose is measured and
after 2 hours patient is given to drink a
liquid which contains 75 gms glucose
dissolved in water.result is interpreted
with the help of standard table.
3.pioglitazone and rosiglitazone-increse
the sensitivity of cells to insulin.
4.metformin-decrease the production of
glucose from the liver.
5.acarbose-it decrease the absorption of
glucose from the intestine.
6.symlin-it is a injectable new medicine
which controls glycemic profile.
7.insulin-it is the main drug in the case
of diabetes mellitus type 1 and also used
in the patients of diabetes mellitus type
2 in whom disease cant be controlled by
oral hypoglcemic agents,exercise and diet
control.
