Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is caused by a small parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis, and is almost always sexually transmitted. Rarely, it is transmitted by the use of wet towels or washcloths (

. Trichomoniasis is associated with preterm delivery and also increases the risk of acquiring HIV (9).
Symptoms
Nearly half of the women with trichomoniasis are asymptomatic (10). When present, symptoms may include:
Yellow, green or grey coloured vaginal discharge.
Vaginal discharge which is frothy or has an unpleasant odour.
Irritation or itching around the outside of the vagina.
Burning sensation when urinating.
Lower abdominal pain.
Discomfort and/or pain during sexual intercourse.
Diagnosis and treatment
Women who suspect they may have a vaginal infection should visit their doctor (see bacterial vaginosis section). Women who are found to have trichomoniasis should also consider being tested for other sexually transmitted infections. Trichomoniasis is treated with either oral antibiotics or vaginal creams. It is important that current sexual partners are treated at the same time to prevent a woman becoming reinfected. Alcohol should be avoided during treatment as combining it with some of the antibiotics used can cause severe nausea and vomiting.
Prevention
TThe best strategy to avoid being infected with trichomoniasis is to always practise safe sex. Barrier protection (condoms, dams) should always be used when having sex with a partner whose previous sexual habits or partners are unknown.
References
1. Benrubi, G. Bacterial vaginosis: Diagnosing and treating the most common vaginal infection The Female Patient 1999 Supplement p4-8
2.Stewart E & Spencer P. The V Book: Vital Facts About the Vulva , Vestibule, Vagina and More London: Piatkus, 2002 p222
3.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Vaginitis Due to Vaginal Infections (factsheet) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [website]
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdvag
.htm , date accessed 31st March 2005
4.Schwebke, JR. Vaginal infections. In Goldman, MB & Hatch MC. Women and Health San Diego: Academic Press 2000 p356
5. Syrop, J. Vaginal infections: What you should know The Female Patient Supplement 23 p25-27
6.Dayan L & Wines N. Management of common vaginal discharges Medicine Today 2001 Vol 2 No 4 p79-86
7.Stewart E & Spencer P. Ibid p200-202
8.Syrop, J. Ibid p27
9.Schwebke, JR. Ibid p354
10.Schwebke, JR. Ibid p354
Further help and information from Women's Health Queensland Wide
Health Information Line:
Our free statewide line is staffed by women's health nurses and midwives. They provide women with up to date information, support and referral to health practitioners and services. Women can contact the Health Information Line by phone or email via the 'Ask a Health Question' page on the website. All phone calls and emails are confidential.
(07) 3839 9988 or 1800 017 676 (toll free outside Brisbane)