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The ELISAs are the most common immunoassays utilized for detection of HIV antibodies and antigen.
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ELISA has evolved from the first-generation (using viral lysate, detection of IgG antibody), second-âgeneration (recombinant antigens), third-generation (detection of IgM and IgG antibodies) and âfourth-generation (antibody and antigen detection).
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HIV DUO test is a 4th generation ELISA test. The sensitivity of this test is above 99.9, which is very âexcellent in terms of tests for HIV screening.
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HIV ELISA tests detect the presence of antibodies to HIV, which usually present within 4 - 12 weeks of âexposure, depending on the severity of exposure (Probable no of virions that might have entered the âblood stream). Hence is is important to do the HIV ELISA tests only after 4 weeks to get a valid result. âBut a repeat test after 12 weeks is advised to avoid any doubts about delayed seroconversion ââ(antibody production).
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A HIV ELISA test after 12 weeks of exposure, if negative, is considered to be conclusive proof of a ânegative HIV status.