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In case, both you and your partner are HIV free, then there is no risk of HIV transmission.
But Anal sex is considered a high-risk sexual practice, and unprotected anal sex is the riskiest of all forms of sexual intercourse due to the vulnerability of the rectum and sphincter tissues.
The 2 main issues seen with anal intercourse are - infections due to the high number of bacteria in the anal canal and and physical damage to the anus and the rectum due to their fragility.
Some STDs that can be passed on via anal sex with infected partners include HIV, HPV (human papilloma virus), chlamydia, E coli infections, giardiasis, gonorrhea, hepatitis A, B and C, herpes simplex, syphylis, etc.
Some important precautions to prevent such issues include -
1. Ensuring that the anal area is clean and the bowel is empty (for both aesthetics and practicality).
2. Using good amounts of lubrication.
3. Using protection.
4. Anal sex should never be following immediately with vaginal sex. The condom should always be changed and the perineal region should be washed, to prevent infections due to bacteria from the anus.