Was it done for cosmetic or medical reasons?
There are of course limits to how much reduction can be done without causing trauma and possible damage.
Did your surgeon show you pictures of what he/she was going to do, or marked your labia before to show you what will be done?
The doubling in thickness is most likely just swelling. You do notice the shortening in length, so that is good news. Protruding inner labia is normal. It is unlikely that your surgeon would have removed it to the point where it is now totally hidden. I do however suggest that you wait until all the swelling is gone before worrying about anything.
Best of luck!