Renz,
Pete has pointed out some good questions to ask your surgeon.
Unfortunately, the doctor may not be able to answer it for you because there really isn't an answer.
If nerves are compressed for too long, they will suffer permanent nerve damage, but no one can really be 100% sure how long it will take for the nerves to become permanently damaged. It can be a very individual thing.
Another very important point to understand is that the longer you are in pain, not moving correctly and not using some of your muscles, tendons, and ligaments, they can atrophy on you, especially the muscles.
That old adage "what you don't use, you lose" becomes a serious problem with spine issues.
Those muscles that don't get used to atrophy and if they atrophy long enough, and again it can be difficult to know how long is too long, then it becomes very difficult to strengthen those muscles again and get them working properly. Not only that, but they can and do develop permanent weakness and permanent pain.
Many times physical therapy can strengthen those muscles, tendons, and ligaments so that they can be used properly again, but only time will tell.
Sometimes, as in my case with my first spine surgery, that weakness and atrophy developed in less than 5 months and it took quite a while to get the strength back in my fight leg and thigh.
I did get just about all of it back, but after a long day up and down and on my feet, the leg does feel week.
Also It is thinner than my left leg and will always be that way.
Also another thing to watch for is developing of serious problems as a result of nerve compression of the L5/L5/S1 nerves.
They go directly to controlling the bowel and bladder. If you ever get any symptoms of loss of bowel and/or bladder control or the beginning of either of those, please seek immediate ASAP treatment at either the ER of your spine surgeons office.
This would be what is called cauda equina syndrome and is an emergency situation. You have very little time to have surgery to remove the compression of those nerves before the damage to them results in permanent loss of bowel and bladder function.
Usually 24 hours, no more than 48 before that happens.
Again, not everyone will suffer from this and it can take years and years to develop or happen very quickly as it did with me, within 5 months. But it is a serious problem and fortunately for me, I had surgery less than 8 hours after the symptoms began and I have full bowel and bladder function.
Surgery should always be the last treatment for spine problems, but at the same time, should not be considered as never ever having it done.
Surgery in the hands of a skilled surgeon and for the correct reasons is the best option for many, many people.
Reading posts that one should never ever have surgery is not the way to go, nor should those posts be seen as the only result that one has from spine surgery.
Most spine surgeries are very successful in both the doctors and the patients eyes.
What one must remember is that most people who post on health forums with spine issues are either looking for information because they have a spine problem or they have had poor results from either conservative treatments or surgery.
Those that have had good results, like myself, don't usually stick around and post on spine sites. They are far to busy returning to their life and just don't bother to come back and post any more.
That is one of the reasons I continue to stick around. I want others to see that spine surgery can be extremely successful and life does return.
Fran