According to the symptoms you reported (pain in the testicle that rises up when coughing), it seems likely that you might be experiencing orchitis.
Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicle. It is usually caused by bacteria that spread from the other parts of the genital system. Inflammation of the urethra might be present, too. If there is a reflux of sterile urine then inflammation of the testicle might occur without presence of bacteria.
Increased abdominal pressure while with a full bladder (for example, exercising early in the morning before urinating) might cause the reflux. When coughing, the abdominal pressure increases too and might additionally help the reflux.
You might want to visit a urologist for a physical examination and ultrasound scan of the testicles. The urinalysis might show the presence of bacteria in the urine, but the urine might be sterile as well. The treatment might include pain-killers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antibiotics prescribed by the urologist if the orchitis is caused by bacteria.
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