Dazzlegirl01,
When comparing the treatment of base of the 5th metatarsal fractures, you have to be careful in that you are comparing the same injury. Not all avulsion fractures are the same. They are also sometimes called Dancer's or Jones' fractures (after Sir Robert Jones - who injured his foot dancing around the May pole).
Thus treatment depends upon the exact location of the fracture line, how much of the base was pulled off, and whether or not the joint is involved. So, even though they may all be called avulsion fractures, some can be treated in a cast (immobilization), while others require surgery to get the best result (internal fixation).
But, you are correct, in that in the US, patients are less willing to deal with immobilization even to the point of risking surgery (when a cast would probably do just fine). Also, there is private insurance in the US, so patients often don't realize how expensive surgery actually is.
So, in your case, sometimes after the 6 weeks of nonweight bearing, the orthopedist will go to a walking cast for a few weeks. This is just to get back to putting weight on it, while still having it stabilized for comfort (occasionally they will use a walking boot, instead of a cast, so you can take it off and work on range of motion). However, other surgeons will go straight to full weight bearing right out of the cast. (Of course, this all depends upon how the bone is healing.)
When you come out of the cast, the hair on your leg will be really long and the skin very soft and tender. So, don't scratch during your first shower. The sole of the foot will be hypersensative and there may be a build up of dead skin that has not been able to be shed. The calf muscles will be small, as they have atrophied while being in the cast, nonweight bearing. The ankle joint will be very stiff. So, don't buy tickets to the dance for the day your cast comes off!
Good luck.